NHS-FPX4000 Developing a Health Care Perspective Assessment 2 (Applying Research Skills)

Assessment 2 Instructions: Applying Research Skills

Create a 2-4 page annotated bibliography and summary based on your research related to best practices addressing one of the health care problems or issues in the Assessment Topic Areas media piece faced by a health care organization that is of interest to you.

Introduction

In your professional life, you will need to find credible evidence to support your decisions and your plans of action. You will want to keep abreast of best practices to help your organization adapt to the ever-changing health care environment. Being adept at research will help you find the information you need. For this assessment, you will review the Assessment Topic Areas media piece and select one of the health care problems or issues to research, which will be a current health care problem or issue faced by a health care organization that is of interest to you.

Also Read NHS 4000: Developing a Health Care Perspective

Instructions

Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.

For this assessment, research best practices related to a current health care problem. Your selected problem or issue will be utilized again in Assessment 4.

To explore your chosen topic, you should use the first two steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach to aid your critical thinking.

View the Assessment Topic Areas media piece and select one of the health care problems or issues in the media piece to research.

Write a brief overview of the selected topic.

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In your overview:

• Summarize the health care problem or issue.
• Describe your interest in the topic.
• Describe any professional experience you have with this topic.
• Identify peer-reviewed articles relevant to health care issue or problem.
• Conduct a search for scholarly or academic peer-reviewed literature related to the topic and describe the criteria you used to search for articles, including the names of the databases you used. You will select four current scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles published during the past 3-5 years that relate to your topic.
• Refer to the NHS-FPX4000: Developing a Health Care Perspective Library Guide to help you locate appropriate references.
• Use keywords related to the health care problem or issue you are researching to select relevant articles.
• Assess the credibility and explain relevance of the information sources you find.
• Determine if the source is from an academic peer-reviewed journal.
• Determine if the publication is current.
• Determine if information in the academic peer-reviewed journal article is still relevant.
• Analyze academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format. Provide rationale for inclusion of each selected article. The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to document a list of references along with key information about each one. The detail about the reference is the annotation. Developing this annotated bibliography will create a foundation of knowledge about the selected topic. In your annotated bibliography:
• Identify the purpose of the article.
• Summarize the information.
• Provide rationale for inclusion of each article.
• Include the conclusions and findings of the article.
• Write your annotated bibliography in a paragraph form. The annotated bibliography should be approximately 150 words (1-3 paragraphs) in length.
• List the full reference for the source in APA format (author, date, title, publisher, et cetera) and use APA format for the annotated bibliography.
• Make sure the references are listed in alphabetical order, are double-spaced, and use hanging indents.
• Summarize what you have learned from developing an annotated bibliography.
• Summarize what you learned from your research in a separate paragraph or two at the end of the paper.
• List the main points you learned from your research.
• Summarize the main contributions of the sources you chose and how they enhanced your knowledge about the topic.

Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:

Additional Requirements

Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:

• Length: 2-4 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page.
• Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
• APA Referencing style.

Written communication: Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.

Content: Provide a title page and reference page following APA style.

References: Use at least four scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles.

APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the body of your paper and also on the reference page.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

Competency 2: Apply scholarly information through critical thinking to solve problems in the field of health care.

Assess the credibility and relevance of information sources.

Analyze academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format.

Summarize what was learned from developing an annotated bibliography.

Competency 4: Write for a specific audience, in appropriate tone and style, in accordance with Capella’s writing standards.

Apply academic peer reviewed journal articles relevant to the health care problem or issue being researched.

Produce text with minimal grammatical, usage, spelling, and mechanical errors.

Integrate into text appropriate use of scholarly sources, evidence, and citation style

Rubric

Applies academic peer reviewed journal articles relevant to the health care problem or issue being researched, including why the chosen articles are relevant to the topic. 

Assesses the credibility of information, explaining the process used for determining the sources’ credibility, and explains the relevance of the information sources, providing the reasons for considering the sources relevant to the topic.

Analyzes academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format, and provides rationale for inclusion of each selected article.

Summarizes what was learned from developing the annotated bibliography, including examples.

Produces text free of grammatical, usage, spelling, and mechanical errors

Integrates into text appropriate use of scholarly sources, evidence, and citation style without errors and uses current reference sources.

NHS-FPX4000 solution sample 1

Annotated Bibliography

Fernando, S. M., Tran, A., Cheng, W., Klompas, M., Kyeremanteng, K., Mehta, S., … & Rochwerg, B. (2020). Diagnosis of ventilator-associated Pneumonia in critically ill adult patients—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive care medicine, 46(6), 1170-1179.

Fernando et al. state that physical examination findings, chest radiography, and endotracheal; aspirate cultures are very essential when caring for a patient with ventilator-associated Pneumonia (VAP). This article’s authors aim to compare the efficacy of various diagnostic tests, for instance, endotracheal aspirate, when caring for a patient with ventilator-associated Pneumonia. Some of the research designs that were used in the article include meta-analysis and systematic review. The study’s findings suggest that individual signs and the clinicians’ tests are neither sensitive nor specific when caring for that particular patient. The most reliable reference standard for VAP diagnosis is histopathology from a lung biopsy. The findings also state that healthcare workers should be mindful even when caring for patients who do not have signs of VAP. The results indicate that the clinicians should not only initiate antibiotics when they identify these signs but rather conduct a comprehensive assessment.

Luyt, C. E., Sahnoun, T., Gautier, M., Vidal, P., Burrel, S., Pineton de Chambrun, M., … & Chastre, J. (2020). Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring ECMO: a retrospective cohort study. Annals of Intensive Care, 10(1), 1-10.

The authors of the article, Luyt et al., conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the frequency, clinical characteristics, and pathogenesis of the individuals with ventilator-associated Pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation. Many individuals with the severe form of Covid 19 need venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Besides the ECMO management, drug monitoring was part of the routine care of these lot of individuals. Among the 60 controls with influenza-associated Acute respiratory failure, only 51 patients had received mechanical ventilation, while 45 of them required VV-ECMO. The findings confirmed that the patients who had received mechanical ventilation at long last needed VV-ECMO for their deteriorating condition. The rationale for including this article in the study is simply because, the authors were more interested in informing individuals about the effectiveness of the VV- ECMO intervention in patients with VAP.In conclusion, patients with severe Covid 19 associated Acute respiratory disease who require ECMO are particularly prone to develop the late onset of VAP and thus may need VV-ECMO.

Papazian, L., Klompas, M., & Luyt, C. E. (2020). Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in adults: a narrative review. Intensive care medicine, 46(5), 888-906.

The article’s authors, Papazian and Luyt, determine the effectiveness of microbial treatment in managing Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. They define Ventilator-associated Pneumonia is an infection of the pulmonary parenchyma in patients exposed to invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. In the article, the severity of the case has been stated to affect about 5-40 % of the patients under Intensive care monitoring. The primary causative agents that have been believed to cause ventilator-associated Pneumonia include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Acinetobacter species. The article’s findings by the author state that the administration of antimicrobials should be withheld in cases where the patient’s health is stable. Additionally, administering full course antibiotics may result in antimicrobial resistance; hence procalcitonin should be administered to stop increased resistance. The authors concluded that there is a great need to conduct various studies to confirm that the bundles may improve health outcomes.

Wu, D., Wu, C., Zhang, S., & Zhong, Y. (2019). Risk factors of ventilator-associated Pneumonia in critically III patients. Frontiers in pharmacology, 10, 482.

Wu et al. state that some of the current challenges of managing VAP are the lack of a gold standard for diagnosing, the absence of effective preventive strategies, and the rise of antibiotic resistance. This article reviews the infection’s international risk factors, including the patient’s characteristics and the corresponding treatment measures. The elderly are more prone to contracting the infection as they are more susceptible than the young population. Some of the preventive measures highlighted by the article include head elevation to 30-45 degrees, reducing unnecessary sputum suction, and selective decontamination of the digestive tract. Besides that, oral disinfection of the individual with 2% chlorhexidine is also considered effective in reducing the oral colonization of VAP. This article was included in the study since the authors were more interested in determining the infection’s various treatment and prevention interventions. To conclude, a unified diagnostic criterion and VAP treatment measures make the results look accurate.

Summary of what I have learned from the Annotated Bibliography

I have learned that an annotated bibliography provides an overview of the available Research on a given concept. It is basically a list of research sources that assumes the form of a citation of each selected source. It should be brief and not lengthy; some essential information about the article that should be included in the writing consists of a short summary of the research findings, the rationale for including the article in the study, and the conclusion. Besides that, the sources should be carefully selected to ensure that they meet the criteria needed.

Summary of what I have learned in the Research

Ventilator-associated Pneumonia primarily affects patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, especially those who have been admitted to the Intensive Care units. The effective diagnostic criteria of the infection include Microbial sampling, lung biopsy, and also chest x-rays. Antimicrobial resistance is more likely to occur and will affect those individuals who have been on an entire course of antibiotics without adhering to the medications. The healthcare workers also need to be watchful when caring for the patients, as most infections are nosocomial. Lastly, collaborating with the healthcare workers will help prevent the occurrence of severe VAP infection.

Main points I have learned from the Research

• Ventilator-associated Pneumonia is a type of a hospital-acquired Pneumonia that develops after 48 hours of mechanical ventilation.
• The Head of the bed should be elevated between 30-45 degrees
• Oral care with chlorhexidine 2% can help prevent ventilator-associated Pneumonia.
• A unified diagnostic criterion and VAP treatment measures make the results look accurate.
• Severe forms of VAP may need VV-ECMO intervention.
• The primary causative agents for VAP include Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Klebsiella Pneumonia.